a very interesting explaination of "doctorate"



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送交者: BerkeleyWolf 于 2005-3-12, 14:57:38:

回答: another: LL.D. = Ph.D. 由 BerkeleyWolf 于 2005-3-12, 14:33:16:

http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Doctorate&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1

summary:
There are essentially three types of doctorates: research, first-professional (USA only), and honorary.

******Research doctorates**************
Research doctorates are nearly always awarded in recognition of academic research...

The most common type of research doctorate is a Ph.D. (Philosophiæ Doctor or Doctor of Philosophy),

******** doctoral degrees as equivalent to the Ph.D.***

The U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. NSF recognize numerous other research-oriented doctoral degrees as equivalent to the Ph.D. and do not discriminate between them.

Doctor of Arts (D.A.)
Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch.)
Doctor of Applied Science (D.A.S.)
Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)
Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.)
Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)
Doctor of Comparative/Civil Law (D.C.L.)
Doctor of Computer Science (D.C.S.)
Doctor of Criminology (D.Crim.)
Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
Doctor of Environmental Design (D.E.D.)
Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.)
Doctor of Environment (D.Env.)
Doctor of Engineering Science (D.E.Sc./Sc.D.E.)
Doctor of Forestry (D.F.)
Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)
Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.)
Doctor of Hebrew Literature/Letters (D.H.L.)
Doctor of Health and Safety (D.H.S.)
Doctor of Hebrew Studies (D.H.S.)
Doctor of Industrial Technology (D.I.T.)
Doctor of Information Technology (D.I.T.)
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)
Doctor of Library Science (D.L.S.)
Doctor of Music (D.M.)
Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A., A.Mus.D.)
Doctor of Musical Education (D.M.E.)
Doctor of Ministry (D.Min./D.M.)
Doctor of Modern Languages (D.M.L.)
Doctor of Music Ministry (D.M.M.)
Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc.)
Doctor of Nursing Science (D.N.Sc.)
Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.)
Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.)
Doctor of Public Health (D.P.H.)
Doctor of Professional Studies (D.P.S.)
Doctor of Design (Dr.DES.)
Doctor of Religious Education (D.R.E.)
Doctor of Recreation (D.Rec./D.R.)
Doctor of Science (D.Sc./Sc.D.)
Doctor of Science in Dentistry (D.Sc.D.)
Doctor of Science and Hygiene (D.Sc.H.)
Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine (D.Sc.V.M.)
Doctor of Sacred Music (D.S.M.)
Doctor of Social Science (D.S.Sc.)
Doctor of Social Work (D.S.W.)
Doctor of Canon Law (J.C.D.)
Doctor of the Science of Law (L.Sc.D.)
Doctor of Rehabilitation (Rh.D.)
Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.)
Doctor of Theology (Th.D.)

BerkeleyWolf comments: M.D. and J.D. ARE NOT HERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

******Honorary doctorates**************

Honorary doctorates are awarded for a substantial contribution to a field but this need not be academic in character.

Higher doctorates : In the UK, Australia, and some other Commonwealth countries. research doctorates are junior doctorates ...higher doctorates are awarded on the basis of ~10 years outstanding research, judged through examination of publications. These higher doctorates are also used as honorary doctorates, but those awarded on the basis of academic research are non-honorary.

******Professional doctorates**************
USA only: First-professional doctoral degrees are first degrees in a given field and include: Chiropractic, Dentistry, Law, Medicine, Optometry, Osteopathy, Pharmacy, Podiatry, Psychology and Veterinary medicine.

First-professional doctoral degrees such as the M.D. and J.D. do not require completion of a thesis/dissertation or publication of a coherent body of literature.

These "first-professional" doctoral degrees therefore lack the status of the research doctorates.

D.C. (Doctor of Chiropractic)
D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery)
J.D. (Juris Doctor or Doctor of Law)
M.D. (Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine) (US)
D.P.T. (Doctor of Physical Therapy)
D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine)
D.P.M. (Doctor of Podiatric Medicine)
D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine)
D.V.M. (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine)
Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology)
Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy)
O.D. (Optometry Doctor or Doctor of Optometry)





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