During the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), scholars taking the rigorous imperial exam, to win coveted positions in the civil service, resorted to all sorts of tricks, including smuggling in miniature books, cheat sheets the size of a fingernail and even undershirts covered with relevant information.

在清朝（1644-1911），考生们（== scholars！）为了得到有油水的官僚位置，需要参加严格的科举考试（== imperial exam！）；他们采取各种各样的作弊手段，包括偷带进超小型的书籍以及指甲大小的作弊材料，甚至穿着写有相关材料的内衣内裤。