吴礼那篇所谓的"综述",我去看了一眼。看到"本文试图从中立的立场出发"这一句,就看够了。在科学和反科学之间保持中立,本身就是反科学。
举两个例子让你们看看真正的以科学态度来写的综述吧。
Shifting plant phenology in response
to global change
Elsa E. Cleland, Isabelle Chuine, Annette Menzel, Harold A. Mooney, and Mark D. Schwartz
TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.22 No.7, 357 (2007).
看这段:
Flask collections show that atmospheric [co2] oscillates
on an annual cycle, dipping during the Northern Hemisphere
summer, when the largest area of terrestrial vegetation
is actively fixing carbon through photosynthesis.
Along with the mean increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations
in recent decades, the amplitude of the seasonal
cycle has also significantly increased and shifted earlier
[9]. In high latitude ecosystems, in particular, the advancement
of spring and concurrent uptake of CO2 is tightly
linked to the timing of thaw, as a recent analysis combining
atmospheric [co2] monitoring with satellite microwave
remote sensing has shown [58]. Interannual variation in
the onset and length of the growing season influences the
magnitude of ecosystem primary production [8], but warmer,
drier summers in recent years appear to be suppressing
production, potentially offsetting the increase in
terrestrial production that is expected with longer growing
seasons (Figure 2 [59]).
注意到和吴礼的区别没有?虽然是一篇综述,作者并没有"居高临下"地评论别人的工作,而是将所有的工作当成一个大图象的组成部分来评论。
第二个例子。
Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection
Michael Zwolak and Massimiliano Di Ventra
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 80, 141 (2008).
看这段:
Initial calculations on individual nucleotides ideally
configured between two nanoscale gold electrodes10 (see
Fig. 5(b)) indicate that the different bases can give quite
different currents under some conditions (Zwolak andDi Ventra, 2005). However, the different currents are
sensitive to the electrode spacing, and also vary greatly
if the nucleotides have complete freedom in orientation.
For a 1.5 nm electrode spacing and bases standing upright
with respect to electrodes (Fig. 5(b)), the electronic
currents for the nucleotides are different by orders of
magnitude, except for the nucleotides G and C, which
differ only by about a factor of 2. The reason for this
large difference is the coupling of the bases to the electrodes
(Zwolak and Di Ventra, 2005). Due to the different
sizes of the bases, as shown in Sec. III, their molecular
orbitals have a different spatial extent. The largest
base, adenine, thus couples better to the upper electrode.
More recently the relation between base orientation
or size and conductance was shown by Zhang,
Krstic´, Zikic, et al. (2006). This is both an advantage, in
that it gives added differentiation between the bases,
and a disadvantage, because any fluctuations in the orientation
of the nucleotide can drastically change the current.
注意,这段里引的两篇文献的作者是持相反意见的。其中一篇是综述作者自己的文章。但是作者仍然不带个人感情地把两篇工作都讲清楚,而且将它们放到了一个大图象内。这才是有科学素养呢。
吴礼那个"中立",只不过是个哗众取宠的小把戏而已。